Method of cooling transformers



2 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

H. A. ROWLAND. METHOD OF COOLING TRANSFORMERS.

N0. 513,421. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

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llll lllll ATTORNEYS (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. A. ROWLAND. METHOD OF COOLING TRANSFORMERS.

No. 513,421. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY A. ROIVLAND, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

METHOD OF COOLING TRANSFORMERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 513,421, dated January 23, 1894.

Application filed February 8, 1893. Serial No. 461,489. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY A. ROWLAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Cooling Transformers, Dynamos, Motors, or Electrical Conductors; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improved methods of cooling transformers, dynamos, motors, or other electrical or magnetic machines, or electric conductors, and it consists essentially in so applying a volatile liquid, that it, by boiling, carries away the heat.

The transformer may be placed in a closed vessel only partly filled by the liquid, but being immersed in the said liquid, and the vapor may be condensed in the upper part of the said vessel, or may be carried away in a condensing coil, and the condensed liquid may be returned to the vessel from the said coil; or the liquid may be inclosed in vessels in the interior of or in contact with the iron of a transformer or of a dynamo or other electrical or magnetic machine; or electric con- .ductors may be cooled by making the said conductors hollow and by filling them with a volatile liquid. In any case the liquid, by boiling, conveys the heat away, and the condensed liquid is returned to its place. In order to cause the volatile liquid to boil at a lower temperature the pressure on the interior of the containing vessel may be reduced.

The drawings represent the method of cooling applied to transformers.

Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a transformer immersed in a volatile liquid, partly filling a closed vessel, which was sel is provided with a condensing coil and return pipe. Fig. 2 represents a sectional elevation of a transformer immersed in volatile liquid, a condensing coil, drip chamber, air pump, and return pipe.

The same parts are indicated by the same letters in both views.

A represents the transformer, which is immersed in the volatile liquid B contained in the closed vessel 0, the upper part of which 0' is left as a vapor space for the vapor risin g from the liquid 0. This closed vessel may be provided with a pressure gage c, and a safety valve 0, if desired. The processof condensation may be carried on entirely within the closed vessel C, or an outer vapor circuit may be provided. In Fig. 1 this outer vapor circuit consists of the pipe D, the condensing coil D, and the return pipe D The condensing coil may be placed in a tank E through which water is flowing, as from the pipe E, down through the tank E, and out through the pipe E.

f f f indicate valves for regulating the flow of the fluids.

In the device shown in Fig. 2 the condensing coil D opens into adrip chamber D connected to the air pump D, which pumps into the pipe D having branches D and D B closing the pipe D and opening the pipe D which is connected to the outer air, the pressure in the drip tank D and in the condensing coil as also the vessel D, may be so reduced that the volatile liquid boils rapidly at a small increase of temperature, and thus great cooling effect may be obtained.

When the desired vacuum is obtained in the vessel 0, which is indicated by the pressure gage c, the pipe D is closed, and the pipe D opened, when the volatile fluid will flow through the closed circuit from the vessel as vapor, back to it as liquid.

I do not wish to confine myself to the mechanical details herein described, as many modifications would readily suggest themselves to any one skilled in the art which could be used without departing from the spirit of my invention.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In electric devices of the character described, the method of cooling the part or parts likely to become heated, which consists in placing in juxtaposition to the said part or parts a volatile liquid, which by boiling carries olf the heat of the said part or parts.

2. In electric devices of the character described, the method of cooling the part or parts likely to become heated, which consists in immersing the said part or parts in a volatile fluid, which by boiling carries off the heat, substantially as described.

3. In electric devices of the character de scribed, the method of coolingthe part or parts likely to become heated, which consists in placing in juxtaposition to said part or parts a volatile fluid which by boiling carries off 5 the heat, and in reducing the pressure on said volatile fluid, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. In electric devices of the character described, the method of cooling the part or parts 1o likely to become heated, which consists in imand a condenser connected at either end to said closed vessel, substantially as described.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a closed vessel, a volatile liquid partly filling said vessel and a transformer immersed in said volatile liquid, and means for reducing the pressure in said vessel, substantially as and for the purposes described.

8. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a closed vessel, a volatile liquid, partly filling said vessel, a transformer immersed in said volatile liquid, a condenser connected at either end to said closed vessel and means for reducing the pressure in said vessel, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. HENRY A. ROWLAND.

Witnesses:

' LoUIs DUNCAN,

LEWIS E. J EWELL. 

